Understanding Acute Otitis Media: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Management - DHEE Hospitals

Introduction

Acute otitis media (AOM) Is a term referring to sudden painful middle ear infections. More common in children than adults. There are 5 stages of development and progress of disease sequelae. Understanding the causes helps in prevention and early management of disease. Main causes:

1. Bacterial or viral infection

2. Eustachian tube dysfunction- leading to fluid accumulation in middle ear

3. Anatomy- in children as ET is shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than adults.

4. Age: children between age group 6 months to 2 years due to non-development of immune system

Signs and symptoms

1. Ear pain/ discomfort

2. Irritability especially children

3. Disturbed sleep

4. Ear block / decreased hearing

5. Fluid/ pus discharge from ear

Prevention:

1. Vaccination- in children, even for influenza and pneumococcal infections

2. Avoiding second hand smoke- as risk is higher

3. Promoting breastfeeding and proper technique

4. Early visit to doctor and timely treatment

Management generally includes medicines to alleviate pain, antibiotics, and general and symptomatic treatment. Do not self-medicate as these may aggravate the underlying conditions.

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